Plosky Tolbachik Volcano Eruption

The Plosky Tolbachik volcano on the Kamchatka Peninsula, in the far east of Russia, has been erupting since November 27, last year, after remaining dormant for 36 years. The volcano has been spewing lava from two fissures, whose flow have destroyed several buildings including a station of the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, the Leningradskaya research base and a base of the Volcanoes of Kamchatka natural park. The erupting volcano has become a sightseeing hotspot for crowds of thrill-seeking tourists eager to see flows of lava and clouds of ash.

Two Russian daredevil photographers Liudmila and Andrey captured these stunning images while visiting the volcano with a team of volcanologists.



The duo told the Siberian Times in an interview: “For us who were at the volcano explosion site for the first time it was quite unnerving. We had been waiting for the dark to come at the site where a lava tube was coming out of the surface. It was a full moon and perhaps it does make a difference on how active the explosion was. Perhaps it was the same principle that works with the tide in the ocean.”

“We had been standing up quietly, sipping vodka. Lava was flowing past calmly. At some point I left to pick up my camera that was lying on the rock - to make sure no-one steps on it, and got to the edge of the lava crater. I was just on time to see that it is filling with lava, while the lava stream in the canyon has almost dried out.

“Andrey suggested to experienced volcanologists that they should know which way to run. The experts dismissed his concerns.”

“It calmed me down for a bit - until the ground under our feet started to crack”, Andrey recalls.

“The lava stream was only touching the surface close to the place where we stood. It kept moving above us, too, just under the crust. So at some point we realised that something was in the way of lava stream, and it was getting through every hole and crack it could find - or break through. It looks like that the crater, on the edge of which we were standing, actually saved our lives because at least lava started leaking inside it, instead of swelling up the slope. It was also lucky that the crater was big enough to let the stream go through it without obstacles. And we were extremely lucky that the canyon was not blocked completely, so that a part of the lava continued moving through.”

“Our experienced volcanologists were still laughing at how scared we were at this point - until a fountain of gas beamed out from the centre of it, which meant that lava could have started gushing out - and we would be right under the lava rain! This is when panic got to all of us. And the lava stream went down right on the people that stood down the canyon, taking pictures of it."

One of the volcanologists lost his backpack to the lava. The photographers escaped safely with their sensational pictures.
































Source
READ MORE»

Shilin Stone Forest

The Shilin Stone Forest is a set of spectacular limestone formations located in Shilin Yi Autonomous County, Yunnan Province, in China, approximately 120 km from the provincial capital Kunming. The tall rocks seem to emanate from the ground like stalagmites, with many looking like petrified trees thereby creating the illusion of a forest made of stone. Some of the stone formations are up to 30 meters tall.

Over 270 millions years, abusive geological processes, and erosion by water has carved the limestone into shapes that we see today. The resulting formations are generally known as karst - a German term for the region in Slovenia where the process was first investigated.



The stone forest forms part of the South China Karst region that extends over a surface of half a million square kilometers lying mainly in Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi provinces. It represents one of the world’s most spectacular examples of humid tropical to subtropical karst landscapes. The Shilin Stone Forest displays superlative karst features and landscapes seen nowhere else in the world, with a wider range of pinnacle shapes than other karst landscapes, and a higher diversity of shapes and changing colours. There are pinnacle-shaped, column-shaped, mushroom-shaped, and pagoda-shaped groups. Since almost all the typical pinnacle karst types can be identified in the Stone Forest, the park is acclaimed internationally the "Museum of Stone Forest karst".


























Sources
READ MORE»

Beautiful Ice Cave in Kamchatka

This surreal-looking ice cave is located on the Kamchatka Peninsula of Russia. The almost kilometer long tunnel was formed by a hot water spring flowing beneath the glacial ice fields on the flanks of the nearby Mutnovsky volcano. Because glaciers on Kamchatka volcanoes have been melting in recent years, the roof of this cave is now so thin that sunlight penetrates through it, eerily illuminating the icy structures within.

The Kamchatka Peninsula, in the far east of Russia, is a region of exceptional natural beauty with its large symmetrical volcanoes, lakes, wild rivers and spectacular coastline. The peninsula has only been recently explored due to it remaining off-limits to foreigners until the 1990s. The modest human exploitation has kept the peninsula and its flora in largely pristine condition.




































Source
READ MORE»

Bungle Bungle Range

The Bungle Bungle Range, in Purnululu National Park, is one of the most fascinating geological landmarks in Western Australia. The range features distinctive beehive-shaped sandstone towers and conglomerates alternately striped in orange and black bands. The rocks rises up to 578 metres above sea level, and stand 200 to 300 metres above a woodland and grass-covered plain, with steep cliffs on the western face. From an airplane, the Bungle Bungle Range is an imposing sight.

The sedimentary rocks of Bungle Bungle were formed in the Ord Basin 375 to 350 million years ago, when active faults were altering the landscape. The combined effects of wind from the Tanami Desert and rainfall over millions of years shaped the domes. Although the formation appears solid, the sandstone is extremely fragile. The weight of overlying rock holds the sand grains in place, but when this is removed, the sandstones are easily eroded. The rounded tops reflect this lack of internal strength. Water flowing over the surface will exploit any weaknesses or irregularities in the rock, such as cracks or joints, and rapidly erodes the narrow channels that separate the towers.



One of the most obvious features of the sandstones is the alternating orange and black or grey banding. The darker bands consist of permeable layers of rock, which allow water to move through with ease. Water keeps the rock surface moist allowing dark algae to grow on them. The less permeable layers in between are covered with a patina of iron and manganese staining, creating the orange bands. These outer coatings help to protect the lower parts of the towers from erosion.

A 7 km diameter circular topographic feature is clearly visible on satellite images of the Bungle Bungle Range. It is believed that this feature is the eroded remnant of a very ancient meteorite impact crater that probably hit the area some 250 million years ago. This structure is famously known as the Piccaninny impact crater.






















Source
READ MORE»